Multiple Personality Disorder :: essays research papers

The day I learned my Grandma had Multiple Personality Disorder was a tough day. But the day my Grandma finally talked to me about it was a better day. Leading up to this day was long and tough. First, I had to figure out what it was, and that took much time. I also had to figure out how terrific my Grandma is as a person and a friend. So I decided to dig deep and start my journey.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The next day I went to the library and began reading about the disorder my Grandma had. I think I was about ten so it was hard for me to understand what I was reading. So I asked the librarian for help. She began explaining to me what Multiple Personality Disorder was. It was tough to think that my Grandma, the strongest person I know, was suffering from such a terrible disorder. I went home and began thinking; I might have this disorder. I asked my dad and he replied, â€Å"I would not worry about it.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It took me a long time to fall asleep that night. But before I fell asleep I decided to talk to my Grandma about it. The next day I went over to her house and asked her about it. Immediately she changed the subject asking, how my day was going and so on. She offered me juice and cookies. After I was done, I went home wondering why she wouldn’t tell me. After that day I just forgot about the whole thing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A few months later my dad received a call saying that my Grandma was in the hospital. She had been forgetting to take her medicine and she had attacked my Grandpa. She did not hurt him though. I never thought that, it would ever happen. We went to visit her a couple weeks later. She was so embarrassed that she was in the hospital for that. Finally, after about a month, she came home happier than ever.

Experimental Estimating Deflection of a Simple Beam Bridge Model Using Grating Eddy Current Sensors

Abstract: A novel three-point method using a grating eddy current absolute position sensor (GECS) for bridge deflection estimation is proposed in this paper. Real spatial positions of the measuring points along the span axis are directly used as relative reference points of each other rather than using any other auxiliary static reference points for measuring devices in a conventional method. Every three adjacent measuring points are defined as a measuring unit and a straight connecting bar with a GECS fixed on the center section of it links the two endpoints. In each measuring unit, the displacement of the mid-measuring point relative to the connecting bar measured by the GECS is defined as the relative deflection. Absolute deflections of each measuring point can be calculated from the relative deflections of all the measuring units directly without any correcting approaches. Principles of the three-point method and displacement measurement of the GECS are introduced in detail. Both static and dynamic experiments have been carried out on a simple beam bridge model, which demonstrate that the three-point deflection estimation method using the GECS is effective and offers a reliable way for bridge deflection estimation, especially for long-term monitoring. Keywords: three-point method; deflection estimation; relative deflection; absolute deflection; grating eddy current sensor (GECS) OPEN ACCESS Sensors 2012, 12 9988 1. Introduction. After a bridge is put into use, gradual deterioration is inevitable because of loading, temperature changes or other environmental factors. In order to guarantee the safety and durability of those bridges which are expensive and closely related with people’s livelihood, long-term and continuous structural health monitoring is an essential part of the maintenance management. Among the various structural performance evaluations, vertical deflection is an important parameter that can directly and effectively indicate a bridge ’s behavior. In terms of instrumentation for deflection estimation, there are contact and non-contact deflection estimation methods. Traditional displacement sensors such as mechanical dial gauges or linear variable differential transducers (LVDTs) are used in contact measurement, through which static or real-time displacement values can be obtained directly or fed into a computer for processing and displaying via a data cable. This method, however, requires access under the bridge and installation of a temporary supporting system to mount sensors, which is time consuming and not very efficienct. In addition, it might even be unavailable when bridges are over rivers, highways or have high clearance. Another contact sensor is the fiber optic Bragg-grating (FBG) sensor through which the deflection is calculated from the measured strain data and displacement-strain relationship [1,2]. In this way, however, the calculated displacement from strain data is sensitive to noise, and the sensors are expensive and must be embedded into the structure, which to a certain degree is difficult for bridges in service. To cope with those inconveniences in contact measuring methods, various non-contact approaches have been proposed. Based on the detection of the Doppler shift of the laser light, a laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV) equipped with displacement and velocity signal decoders can measure both bridge deflection and vibration simultaneously [3]. In this way, a static reference point (usually underneath the bridge) is needed for device mounting, and the device should be attended, which limits it’s usability for long-term monitoring. Among image methods, dynamic deflection with high resolution of the bridge can be obtained through using digital image processing techniques [4], while deflection distribution from the images of the bridge girder surface recorded by a digital camera before and after deformation can be evaluated by digital image correlation techniques [5], and digital close-range terrestrial photogrammetry (DCRTP) can measure the spatial coordination in three-dimensions [6,7]. Like the LDV, devices such as video cameras used in image methods cannot be left unattended and they are easily affected by weather conditions. Use of a Global Positioning System (GPS) can provide spatial locations of the measuring points on the bridge in real-time by comparing with a continuing operational reference station (CROS). It offers a long-term monitoring approach without being affected by climatic factors [8,9], but due to its relatively low accuracy, it is only applied to those bridges with significant deformations. All the non-contact methods mentioned above, although they differ in instrumentation, have one thing in common, a static reference point or CROS that is kept a certain distance away from the bridge is selected for installation of the measuring device, otherwise measurements cannot be carried out. Another method is using inclinometers which can be installed on the bridge directly along a line paralleling the bridge span axis [10,11], and both static and dynamic deflection time history curves can be calculated through curve-fitting technology based on the accurate angle records of the inclinometers. An outstanding feature of the inclinometer is that static reference Sensors 2012, 12 9989 points mentioned above are no longer needed. This approach reduces the dependence on environmental conditions and it is suitable for long-term monitoring. To avoid those deficiencies in conventional estimating deflection methods mentioned above, a novel three-point deflection estimation method is presented in this paper. Measuring points along lines paralleling the bridge span axis are chosen equidistantly. Among these measuring points, every three adjacent measuring points are defined as a measuring unit in which a straight connecting bar linking the two endpoints is taken as a relative reference line. Relative deflection of the mid-measuring point relative to the intermediate point of the connecting bar on which a displacement sensor is fixed can be measured, and thus the absolute deflection of each measuring point can be calculated from the relative deflections of all the measuring units. Compared with the contact and non-contact methods mentioned above, only real spatial positions of the measuring points are taken as relative references without any other static reference points. Moreover, the selected displacement sensor is the grating eddy current absolute position sensor (GECS) which is different from traditional eddy current sensors based on vertical characteristics [12,13]. Since the structure of grating reflective conductors is adopted, the measurement range is extended but without compromising the accuracy. In addition, as an inductive sensor, the GECS is waterproof and dustproof in principle, thus it can work under bad weather conditions, which makes it ideal for long-term monitoring. In this paper, both the principles of the three-point method and displacement measurement of the GECS are presented. Then, this three-point method for deflection estimation is verified in a simply supported girder bridge model in the laboratory. Comprehensive static and dynamic experiment results on the laboratory tests demonstrate this method is effective and offers an alternative way for bridge deflection estimation.

Writing: Life Expectancy and Ancient Egyptians Life

King Tutu became king at age 9 and led his empire from 1333 to 1322 BC. Considering this, the young king had little time to train or plan for his leadership. Instead, he moved directly from childhood to adult responsibilities. Like other Ancient Egyptians, King Tutu married at a young age. Whereas the modern day search for a marriage partner may take decades. The ancient Egyptians had no such leisure to make prolonged marriage decisions. King Tutu and his wife had two children who died as babies. While such deaths would lead o shock and immeasurable grief today, they were common then.So, parents could not count on watching their children grow up. Unlike modern humans, few Egyptians would have ever dreamed of holding their grandchildren in their arms, though some city-dwellers may have achieved this goal, as they had a lower mortality rate compared to village residents. Other causes of a shorter life expectancy included tuberculosis, polio, and malnutrition. Diseases occasionally brok e out, causing utter devastation. Many of these diseases were fatal, and unlike today, few could be cured r even treated.Still, today's scholars dispute King Tutu died at an age that was considered young even then: 19. King Tutu possibly died from an infection that, even If It had been vigorously treated, would have required antibiotics not yet In existence. Ultimately, his doctors' techniques were limited because they lived before modern medicine. Since the time of the ancient Egyptians, humankind has made great strides prolonging life expectancy. In fact, by ancient Egyptian standards, modern longevity is truly awesome. The Egyptians would be shocked to know that, these days, mom people even discuss immortality as a future possibility.He continued his search for years, ultimately coming very close to Warm Mineral spring. Still popular today, the spring thousands of years. It is possible that Leon never whether the spring was the fountain he was seeking, because he (use) for (learn ) (lose) his life in battle there. People from many cultures and of years. Most recently, the well-known American magician, David Copperfield, claimed that he had discovered the true fountain amid islands in the Bahamas. Copperfield (report) that when dying bugs are out in contact with the water, they will fly again.Copperfield purchased the island group, and since then, scientists (conduct) experiments of the waters to determine their restorative powers. The island group visitors for the past several years. (close) to 5. Write a description of your current life, imagining that your life expectancy is only 30. * Write an interesting introduction. * Describe your imaginary life using sensory details of smell, sight, sound, taste, and touch. * Include figures of speech in your description * Include a clear conclusion. * Use the vocabulary and grammar from Unit 1

Implications of Public Display of Affection Essay

II. Definition of PDA â€Å"Public Display of Affection or PDA as they are called, is the act of two people indulging in an intimate act in public.† [] It is an act that is mostly objectionable to the public. Today, Public Display of Affection is something that most couples indulge in the beginning of their days of physical exploration and discovery. â€Å"PDA is the physical demonstration of affection for another person while in the view of others. Holding hands or kissing in public are commonly considered to be unobjectionable forms of public displays of affection; however, what is considered objectionable depends on the context and social norms. For example, in places such as bars, nightclubs, and strip clubs, more extreme forms of public displays of affection are rarely considered to be objectionable.† [] â€Å"Public display of affection depends on the decision of the couple. Individual and societal views on Public Display of affection vary significantly. Such displays may sometimes be considered to be in bad taste, while in some jurisdictions such displays may even be criminal. Depending on the social values and context, extreme forms of public displays of affection may be considered indecent exposure.† [] Affection is an important part of any relationship. It makes a person feel warm inside when someone of his resemblance or even love lets the person know how he or she feels. This feeling is best expressed behind closed doors. Kisses and physical connection are the tools people use to display their affection. These tools will effectively free their feelings and allow themselves to be close. A. Social views Public display of affection affects people in different ways and one should be mindful of the feelings that can be elicited by ‘carrying on’ in public. When a couple is feeling passionate they may be oblivious to the presence of people around them, but they may accidentally hurt someone. Someone who has just lost a loved one may find their public display of affection heartbreaking; a reminder of someone they can no longer kiss. Someone who has ended a relationship may find it agonizing as a reminder of the one that had gone away. Older people may find it annoying as their generation was more modest and saved serious affection for times when the intimacy could be carried further than just holding hands and kissing. Single people and lonely people will feel similarly as it will remind them of the fact that they are alone. A consideration of the kind of people around the place will save everyone from feelings of resentment or in some cases, embarrassment. We find that the heart of PDA is intolerance and insecurity. In conversations with people about why such sights bother them – or don’t bother them – jealousy is an interesting common factor. Those who are in relationships themselves are rarely bothered by other’s exhibitions of affection, even if they preferred to show their love in private. However, those who are not, especially those who have recently had a break-up, are morbidly horrified by any sight of love between other people. Although holding hands is considered sweet by most people, it is rarely considered acceptable to openly kiss someone passionately in public because it is not polite, and going further than that is illegal and a crime in some places especially in conservative countries like India. B. Psychological views Public Display of Affection (PDA) can either be approved or disapproved. A person’s perspective might be different from someone else’s view on PDA. As our society tends to do what we think other people approve of or disapprove of, for example, an aggressive couple stopped their behavior because it was not approved. Injunctive norms can make a major impact in someone’s behavior and change that certain behavior to create a positive behavioral change. Certain public displays of affection are appropriate in some places than others. For example, in a club more people are likely to see couples showing their affection, in contrast to family-style restaurants. This makes us think that people doing PDA become aggressive and in emotional outburst everytime they are with their partner. Also, the way that people think of PDA differs from each other and their views of doing it also differs from one another, regarding the civil status. III. Causes of PDA Public display of affection or PDA has pros and cons depending on where society one belongs or what culture one is in. Public display of affection may mean that one is proud of the other, but may not be acceptable to society. It may also mean that one is truly in love with the other or one has nothing to hide. He/she may have no fear of being caught by someone else. Public display of affection may convey bad meanings and not good for children to see. They might consider this act as normal and can be done by just anybody. A. Affection on either boyfriend or girlfriend : true love The love practiced by couples through PDA (Public Display of Affection) is merely a factual understanding between couples. It is biologically and psychologically necessary for lovers to express their feeling on their partner the way they are suited to. True love is an urge between a single couple and as long as it necessary, couples must express it to show the partner how much he/she loves this person. That way, the partner would feel that he/she is very special to that someone. But then, expression of true love through PDA must have its limitations. Though expressing love in public is an acceptable fact in our society, partners must realize that displaying their affection in public can cause other people to think of bad remarks about it. â€Å"Love has intrigued people throughout history. Its joys and sorrows have inspired different students of human interaction. Indeed, love is one of the pervasive themes in the art and literature of many cultures. Each of our own lives has been influenced in significant ways by love, beginning with the love we receive as infants and children. Our best and worst moments in life can be tied to a love relationship.† [] According to psychologist Robert Sternberg, there are three components of love using the triangular theory of love: intimacy, passion, and commitment. Different combinations of these three components result in different types of love. For example, a combination of intimacy and commitment results in compassionate love, while a combination of passion and intimacy leads to passionate love. These three components are seen in various combinations to evidence different types of love. According to Sternberg, there are eight types of love formed through the various combinations of the three components of love, they are: Non-love, Liking, Infatuation, Empty Love, Romantic Love, Companionate Love, Fatuous Love, and Consummate Love. The theory characterizes love within the context of interpersonal relationships. 1. Components of love According to Sternberg, the three basic love components differ with respect to a number of properties, including stability and conscious controllability. For example, the intimacy and decision/commitment components are usually fairly stable in close relationships. Once we develop feelings of intimacy for someone and become committed to the relationship we have with that person, these features tend to endure over time. The passion component, however, tends to be less stable and predictable. In addition, although people possess agreat deal of conscious control over the commitment that they make to a relationship, and even some degree of control over their feelings of intimacy, they usually have very little conscious control over the amount of passion that they experience for their partners. a. Passion Passion is the strong feeling of affection to the partner. â€Å"Passion is the motivational component that fuels romantic feelings, physical attraction and the desire for sexual interaction. Passion instills a deep desire to be united with the loved one. In a sense, passion is like an addiction, because its capacity to provide intense stimulation and pleasure can exert a powerful craving in a person.† [] Passion is when a person has physical attraction with someone and the desire to express himself sexually to them. Passion differentiates romantic love from other types of love. It is all about physiological arousal. Passion is the fastest of the three components, but it can be the first to fade in a long-term relationship. The passion component is motivational in nature and consists of the drives that are involved in romantic and physical attraction, sexual consummation, and related phenomena. Although passion takes the form of sexuality in many love relationships, Sternberg suggested that other needs (including the need for affiliation, for dominance over others, and for self-esteem) can contribute to the experience of passion. b. Intimacy Intimacy is the state of having close physical attraction with somebody. Intimacy tends to appreciate the partner. â€Å"Intimacy is the emotional component of love that encompasses the sense of being bonded with another person. It includes feelings of warmth, sharing, and emotional closeness. Intimacy also embraces a willingness to help the other and an openness to sharing private thoughts and feelings with the beloved.† [] Intimacy is the feeling of being close to someone. It happens when a person feels that they are sharing themselves with someone that is considered being intimate. When a person shares a bond with someone, that person gives and receives emotional support. Intimacy is present in many different types of relationships, not just romantic ones. The feelings between best friends could be called intimate but not mean anything sexual at all. The intimacy component of love is primarily emotional in nature and involves feelings of warmth, closeness, connection, and bonding in the love relationship. Signs of intimacy include wanting to promote the welfare of the loved one; experiencing happiness, mutual understanding, and intimate communication with the loved one; having high regard for the loved one; giving and receiving emotional support; being able to count on the loved one in times of need; sharing oneself and one’s possessions with the loved one; and valuing the presence of the loved one in one’s life. c. Commitment Commitment is the component of love which tends to be in the behavioral aspect of a person. â€Å"Commitment is the thinking or cognitive aspect of love. It refers to the conscious decision to love another and to maintain a relationship over despite difficulties that may arise.† [] Decision or commitment has two aspects. The first decision that a person loves another person and would be the short term aspect. The second decision is the commitment to form and maintain a relationship and would be the long term aspect rather. When relationships last a long time, commitment is playing a major role. People tend to choose a partner based on their similarities, attractiveness and whether or not that person would be interested in them. Needless to say, it didn’t work out mainly because the similarity couldn’t withstand the difference in age. The decision/commitment component of love is primarily cognitive in nature and represents both the short-term decision that one individual loves another and the long-term commitment to maintain that love. 1. Types of love Love takes many forms. Love exists between parent and child and between family members. Love between friends, known to the ancient Greeks as philia, involves concern for the other’s well-being. Lovers may experience some other additional types of love, like passionate love and companionate love. A relationship (whether romantic in nature, familial, or casual) may go through any or all of the eight classifications of love. a. Non-love Non-love is the absence of all three of Sternberg’s components of love. â€Å"Non-love does not contain any component of love. Non-love does not contain intimacy, passion, or commitment and is experienced through casual acquaintances such as therapists, teachers, neighbors, etc.† [] Love is the strong feeling of deep affection for somebody. Non-love in this case defines a feeling of emptiness, or in short no love exists at all. Non-love can be experienced during break-ups and with persons having third parties. This can affect someone’s perception of life and will be difficult to recover. b. Liking â€Å"Liking details a relationship based on intimacy, but not passion or commitment. The characteristic of Liking is having close, intimate friendships with no long-term commitment; an example of Liking is developing an intimate friendship with a neighbor, but because commitment and passion are missing if either neighbor moves away, the relationship is not maintained.† [] Liking/friendship in this case is not used in a trivial sense. A psychologist said, particularly Dr. Sternberg, that this intimate liking characterizes true friendships, in which a person feels a bond, warmth, and closeness with another but not intense passion or long-term commitment. c. Infatuation Infatuation is the absence of the two main components of love while existing in the presence of passion. â€Å"Infatuation is a relationship based on passion, with no intimacy or commitment. Infatuation is characterized by passionate attraction on sight, and an example of such would be a one night stand.† [] Infatuation is purely based on a person’s strong feelings of love, hatred, anger, enthusiasm, etc. Romantic relationships often start out as infatuated love and become romantic love as intimacy develops over time. Without developing intimacy or commitment, infatuated love may disappear suddenly. d. Empty love Empty love is love without the feeling and the bonding. This love is commonly seen among short-term unmarried relationships, in which the couple stays only because there is a responsibility. â€Å"Empty Love is a relationship based on commitment, lacking any intimacy or passion. An example of Empty Love is a couple staying in a marriage or relationship for the â€Å"sake of the children.† Empty Love is characterized by a lack of emotional warmth or heat of passion where partners tolerate each other because of a false sense of duty, obligation, or fear of change.† [] Empty love is characterized by commitment without intimacy or passion. Sometimes, a stronger love deteriorates into empty love. In cultures in which arranged marriages are common, relationships may begin as empty love and develop into one of the other forms. e. Romantic love â€Å"Romantic Love is a relationship based on passion and intimacy; however, it lacks commitment. Romantic Love is characterized by a couple who are emotionally and physically drawn to one another without the commitment of a long-term relationship. Romantic lovers look at each other through â€Å"rose colored glasses† not seeing each other’s flaws.† [] Romantic love bonds individuals emotionally through intimacy and physically through passionate arousal, but neither is sustained without commitment. f. Companionate love Companionate love is an intimate, non-passionate type of love that is stronger than friendship because of the element of long-term commitment. Sexual desire is not an element of companionate love. This type of love is often found in marriages in which the passion has gone out of the relationship but a deep affection and commitment remain. The love ideally shared between family members is a form of companionate love, as is the love between close friends who have a platonic but strong friendship. â€Å"Companionate Love is based on intimacy and commitment without the wild fire of passion. Companionate Love is characterized by a committed friendship and shared intimacy; an example of Companionate Love is a marriage whose passion has dwindled or a very close and intimate friendship that has survived through distance, hardship, and time.† [] g. Fatuous love â€Å"Fatuous Love is based on passion and commitment, but lacks intimacy. Fatuous Love is where passion and commitment are combined before true intimacy can develop; an example would be a marriage commitment based on passionate sex which over times loses its passionate nature, and since the couple didn’t share intimate conversations, goals, and dreams, the marriage is ended when it is realized the couple are not a good match.† [] Fatuous love is exemplified in which a commitment is motivated largely by passion without the stabilizing influence of intimacy. h. Consummate love â€Å"Consummate Love involves intimacy, commitment, and passion. Consummate Love is when a couple are perfectly matched in passion, intimacy, and commitment, and it is the ideal that most people try to achieve.† [] Consummate love is the complete form of love, representing an ideal relationship toward which people strive. Of the eight varieties of love, consummate love is theorized to be that love associated with the â€Å"perfect couple†. â€Å"According to Sternberg, such couples will continue to have great sex fifteen years or more into the relationship, they can not imagine themselves happy over the long-term with anyone else, they overcome their few difficulties gracefully, and each delight in the relationship with one other. However, Sternberg cautions that maintaining a consummate love may be even harder than achieving it. He stresses the importance of translating the components of love into action. â€Å"Without expression,† he warns, â€Å"even the greatest of loves can die†. Thus, consummate love may not be permanent. If passion is lost over time, it may change into companionate love.† [] B. Lust Lust is a large physical attraction for an individual, which is sometimes uncontrollable and completely unreasonable. Lust is often confused with love. Looking at someone lustfully invariably involves the powerful inward desire or instinct to share physical intimacy with that person. The inward desire of the mind for intimacy, need not be considered only in terms of excessive and inappropriate desire for sexual intercourse — although this is included.â€Å"Of course, there is no moral difference between sexual intercourse. If intercourse before marriage is sinful — and it is — then sexual gratification before marriage is also sinful. No one is exempt from the temptation to lust. Therefore, we must take every care to avoid harbouring impure thoughts by rejecting them whenever they first enter our minds.† [] â€Å"We must take every care to avoid setting ourselves deliberately into any situation where we know that we will be exposed to this or a similar temptation.†[] Sex drive is the another term for lust. â€Å"The sex drive (libido or lust) is characterized by the craving for sexual gratification; it is often directed toward many partners. In mammals, the sex drive is associated primarily with the estrogens and androgens, particularly testosterone, are central to sexual desire in both men and women. Studies of human sexual arousal show that specific networks of brain activation are associated with the sex drive.† [] Drives lie along a continuum. Some, such as thirst and the need for warmth, can rarely be extinguished until satisfied, while the sex drive and the maternal instinct can be redirected. Falling in love appears to be near the base of this continuum. For example, romantic love is considerably stronger than the sex drive. Since romantic love is a universal and powerful human mating drive, it must have evolved. 1. Sexual arousal In men and women, sexual desire can anticipate arousal. It is an arousal caused by direct genital stimulation. Direct genital stimulation is more powerful and quicker in men than in women. As a result of the reciprocity between desire and arousal and neurobiological overlapping, physiological signs of arousal are already in play. Sexual arousal, or sexual excitement, is the arousal of sexual desire, during or in anticipation of sexual activity. Things that precipitate human sexual arousal are called erotic stimuli, or colloquially known as a turn-on. Sexual arousal usually leads to physiological changes in the aroused person, some of which are pronounced while others are more subtle. â€Å"Given the right context, these may lead to the person desiring physical contact, including kissing, cuddling, and petting of the erogenous zones. This may in turn make the person desire direct sexual stimulation of those parts of their body which would normally be out of bounds, such as breasts, nipples, buttocks and/or genitals, and to sexual activity.† [] When a couple is sexually aroused with each other they tend to do on displaying their affection to their partner. The arousal is due to the rapid increase of the hormones and this is the reason for the strong sensation of the couple to display their affection in more intense than before. These intense affection may result to a more immoral and unethical practice of public display of affection (PDA). 2. Aggresiveness Aggresiveness is marked by combative readiness. Aggression or aggressiveness of any person indulging in PDA means there is a sexual activity he wants to.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Sexual aggressiveness has biological, physical and emotional aspects. Biologically, it refers to the reproductive mechanism and the basic biological drive that exists in all species. Emotional aspects deal with the intense personal bonds and emotions generated between sexual partners by a sexual activity. Physical issues around sexuality range from purely medical considerations to concerns about the physiological , psychological and sociological aspects of sexual behavior.† [] The gender of the person is a factor that plays a big role in human aggression. It is evidently seen in males and females, proven by history. a. Men There is evidence that differences in socialization, cognition and personality may help explain gender-based disparity in rates of anti-social, as well as violent behaviors. Gender differences in cognition, socialization, and behavior may exist as early as infancy. Boys are more easily angered and depend more on inputs from their mother’s. Psychologists show that the ways which females and males are socialized affect their development. Males learn to value independence, while females are taught that their self-worth depends on their ability to maintain relationships. b. Women Females are considered less aggressive than males in a relationship. Men usually tend to be the more dominant in a relationship while women usually obey what the males want to do, but in our generation both males and females are considered to be the equal in every relationship. Girls are shielded by moral sense, which directs them away from harming others. The ethical sensitivity may counterbalance the effects of family issues. Females are known to display more self-control than males. Females are more verbally skilled, which is a skill that can help them in dealing with obstacles they may come across without reacting with violence. When girls are aggressive, they are more likely to hide their behavior from adults than males. Girls are expected to form closer relationships with their friends and share feelings, while boys tend to act out on their feelings in inappropriate ways. C. Influential factors 1. Media Most of the influence of the mass media on interpersonal relationships is the powerful influence of advertising. Commercial messages influence how people feel about themselves and their image to others. Commercial messages influence what a person’s expectations are about themselves, about others, about what their lives should be like. For most people, these expectations are usually unrealistic and for some, can be damaging to their self esteem which directly affects how they relate to others. 2. Other couples doing PDA So long as you practice discretion and engage in such activities in a tasteful manner, being affectionate in public should never be offensive to others. Just like a smile or laughter, this expression of happiness can also be contagious. To see other couples holding hands or exchanging a brief kiss in public often makes others get a warm and fuzzy feeling too. Hopefully, they pass it on. Sure, you may hear the occasional â€Å"Get a room† but those comments usually stem from others who are merely jealous of the happiness you two share and are likely to be missing something in their own relationship. 3. Reading of pornographic articles In attempting to support and strengthen relationships, the topic of pornography is one that must be addressed. This article is not to preach or evangelize, nor is it to discuss morality or ethics. It is however important that couples understand the possible ramifications of a phenomenon that may impact their relationship. As unpopular as it may be, this article is an attempt to shed light on what many couples may face as society becomes more accepting of increasingly graphic, stark, and violent pornography. 4. Emotional ties Couples usually have emotional ties between each other. It is a must because a person or a couple is in love. This bring much emotions in the individuals and creates a strong bind to that couple that would made them feel that the person they currently love is the one for them and they would feel 100% that they must be loyal to their partner and show the intimate love they can give to them as long as they felt the same love they are giving to them. This is the point where the PDA (public display of affection) becomes more intimate and intense, this brings to the mind of other people to be unethical and immoral but to the couple doing it PDA is a good presentation of how they partner. It is emotionally tied to them and expressed the love for them. There is nothing bad having emotional ties with your partner, as long as the person is having his limitations, it is good. Having emotional ties means that a couple is really at the peak of their relationship and it is natural to feel it beca use it is a part of being in-love. IV. PDA and relationship Most people say that they hate PDA and can’t stand the ones who indulge in these ‘perverse’ activities. But given an opportunity, no one would mind staring at an intimate sight unless they are being watched back. â€Å"Your partner should become to you someone very special, as the relationship between the both of you develops. But this special relationship can only develop properly and honorably when it is built upon a wholehearted commitment , and upon mutual trust and respect. Mutual trust and respect; however, cannot be engendered and developed apart from complete purity and honour — in body and in mind. Our conduct must always be above reproach.† [] â€Å"This is the basis upon which mutual trust and respect first germinates, and then begins to grow. When we have found the right partner, then this growth will flourish eventually into love: the pure, deep, satisfying and honourable love associated with trust, respect and the wholehearted desire.† [] â€Å"Trust and respect is the foundation the couple must lay, and upon which they must build as they seek to develop a relationship with your partner. This foundation must apply to all stages of courtship — from the first dates, right through to (and including) the period of engagement.† [] A. In a married relationship The exploration route of life that a married relationship takes depends on what the couple wants to experience together during their lifetime. There are some people who want children to enter married relationship while other couples choose to go childless and spend their lifetime traveling to exotic places, enjoying what the world has to offer. This proves that marriage is an â€Å"opener† of a new world, opening the way to mutualism and separates them to the rest. This means PDA is less but relationship is stronger. There are no inappropriate decisions to be made in a married relationship. Living a good life is a decision that is made by two people, and does not need the approval of the rest of the world in order to function properly. There are clergy, and guidance counselors that might be able to help guide a couple on their quest for a good relationship, but the journey starts with the two of them. This means that the couple knows each other fully and the two knows if there’s love binding them or not. Married couples indulging in PDA are only using it to notice that the partner’s presence is there. 1. Without children Married life is fulfilling in itself. Some couples want to have children in their lives, and some don’t. Those who decide not to, have a great oppotunity to live a fulfilled life, loving and providing for their spouse’s needs. Being married without children allows a couple to really get to know themselves in a more intimate level. The time and attention aren’t divided, allowing them to devote themselves more fully to their partner and to the things the couple enjoys together. But also, the couple must also limit their PDAs so that they can focus on all of their work. In a married life without children, a couple has an independent PDA. 2. With children A married relationship is a new setting that the couple find themselves in a new way of looking at life and coming to terms with each other’s perspectives. Getting into married relationship after a thoroughly enjoyable bachelor’s life takes time to settle down. By then, there is a tough decision of when to have kids. Doing PDA even when the couple has their son/daughter is a sort of sweetness in a home. It only makes the relationship stronger and more enjoyable. 3. With grandsons and grandaughters Parents often rely on parents to help raise their children in this confusing and complex world. Grandparents would do well not to squander the opportunity given to them. The PDA in this kind of situation is much more less, lesser than a married life with children. PDA now here is scarce, but the scarcity of your PDA is much more filled with love, with passion. On this peak of your life, being a PDA doer is like commitment, since the time you two got married and has gone strong through the years. â€Å"This proves that the major components of love is passion, commitment, and intimacy.† [] B. In a boyfriend / girlfriend relationship A girlfriend or a boyfriend is an individual with whom one shares a romantic relationship. He/she is your consultant to all things, a shoulder to cry on. Having PDA with your boyfriend /girlfriend is much more free, but liberal. Those couples do it for love, but because of being liberal, they deny the criticisms of people around them, yet, they only accept the compliments. 1. Adolescent relationships One of the most exciting aspects about going to school for an adolescent is also one of the most difficult: the possibility of romantic relationships. Teens may be idealized of a boyfriend or girlfriend as an attractive person with whom they can date, and develop an intimate relationship. Of course it isn’t always as simple as this. Adolescents always have a liberal mind and can do anything for curiosity. While teenage romantic relationships are difficult, they are a necessary part of growing up in our society, as in the process of ending a relationship as a teen. Parents are often concerned with their son/daughter’s reaction to a relationship ending. They are alarmed of the PDA they are doing. The loss of a relationship during adolescence is particularly difficult because of the high probability that these teens will see each other very often, whether they attend the same school or have the same friends. Seeing an ex boyfriend/girlfriend regularly makes the difficult process of moving-on even more difficult. Teens become so distracted that their focus on academics may shift and they may begin to struggle with grades. And teens divert the hurt to a new boyfriend/girlfriend to lessen the pain, and do eye-catching PDAs to hurt their former boyfriend/girlfriend. â€Å"Pain is nature’s way of saying that something was wrong. Pain is therefore our best teacher. Let’s learn from this. Do understand that everything in life doesn’t last forever. Some things will fail, in spite of our best efforts. Look at the other significant relationships in your personal life (siblings, parents, friends, colleagues). Try to enhance these, because some of these may have been neglected when you were high on love.† [] 2. Young adult relationships How young is â€Å"too young† to start a relationship? It depends on the individual’s level of maturity, goals, and beliefs. Very much often the younger we are, the less mature we are due to a lack of life experience. When we are just beginning to figure out who we are, we may not be firmly grounded enough spirituality to form solid romantic attachments, and become more prone to making unwise decisions that can leave us with emotional, physical, psychlogical, and spiritual damage. Being in a relationship puts one in almost constant temptation, especially as emotions begin to develop and the attraction to that person deepens. Young teens (even older teens) are besieged by harmnal and societal pressures that seem at times almost unbearable. Such early relationships make more difficult to avoid damage to the delicate and still-forming self-image, not to mention the problem of resisting temptation. So developing a mutual relation in this age is very hard because temptation to the opposite sex is something like lust. So couples must be cautious of their PDA because PDA tends to be a â€Å"temptation starter†. 3. Adult (Mature) relationships Relationships come in many shapes and sizes, but all of them require maturity to create a lasting emotional bond. Starting a relationship is the easy part, but making it last requires patience and understanding. Learning to overlook mistakes and to look forward into the future are the key elements of a mature relationship. â€Å"Most people think of love as a feeling but love is not much a feeling as a way of being present. It is a kind of being in love with â€Å"love† to discover one’s self. PDA in this relationship is much more understandable and is a first step to mutual relation.† [] C. Third parties A third party is the involvement of a single person to a couple intimately and romantically. Being in a third party is really bad, as if you’re wrecking a relationship. What if you’re on the shoes of the person being cheated on, how would you feel? We also have what we call â€Å"Karma†. Some clever people say that being a third party is also a good thing to make the couple realize that they’re not meant for each other. It’s better if you commit a person who’s not taken, yet just to things legal. PDA is like a law of motion, if there’s any action, there’s equal and opposite reaction. The equal reaction is having a mutual relation while the opposite means break-up. D. Break – up A relationship break-up, simply referred to as breakup, is the termination of a usually intimate relationship by any means other than death. The term is less likely to be applied to a married couple, where a break-up is typically called a separation or divorce. Being in a break-up means the love has gone, died. This means that when you do PDA, your partner is never happy of what you two do and his/her feelings’ filled with no other but lust. The other thinks that his/her love is empty love so he/she decides to end it because the relationship is worthless. It isn’t right to continue. â€Å"After a break-up has passed understand the pain. Do not get into revenge mode, what’s done is done. Do not blame yourself for what has happened. Then, refocus on your life. Look at all the things in your life that you had not focused on while you were in a relationship. Revisit your goals and dreams. Lastly is to celebrate life.† [] E. PDA Interactions Doing PDA means interaction with your partner. This interaction means love. Love emerges from the crisis of intimacy versus isolation, a mature devotion that overcomes basic differences between men and women. To love means to care, to recognize the essential humanity of the other person, to have an active regard for the person’s development. But there are also issues involving PDA. These are issues about private space exposing one’s body on sexual areas to a another person and feeling about trusting another to accept one’s body. PDA is not just the objectivity of the act but is also for the sake of the doer. Public displays of affection are par for the course in every relationship someone is in, so it’s worth learning the rules. Granted, every woman and every relationship is different and will need some fine tuning, but the general limits of what is acceptable and what isn’t will be constant across the board. 1. Acceptable a. Holding hands Two or more people voluntarily hold hands for the purpose of expressing love or to enjoy physical intimacy. In PDA holding hands is a sign to a couple that they are connected to each other for they are in-love. It is the most common form of PDA and it is an acceptable form of affection and considered moral and ethical. Holding hands is the act of grabbing a girlfriend/boyfriend’s hand in public, whether to lead that person in the right direction or just to feel close to the person, and it is just fine in about any setting. It isn’t intimate enough to make the people around the couple squeamish, but it is intimate enough to let someone’s partner see it as a sign of affection and a declaration of two people’s status as a couple. b. Kissing A kiss is the act of pressing one’s lips against the lips or other body parts of another. Cultural connotations of kissing vary widely. A kiss may be used to express sentiments of love, passion, affection, respect, greeting, friendship, and good luck, among many others. The act of kissing has become a common expression of affection among many cultures worldwide. As a greeting, kissing is most definitely on the â€Å"acceptable† list and is fairly standard in most relationships. Obviously, this extends to personal social situations, and can be bypassed in professional arenas. To keep kisses acceptable, keep them brief and abstain from continued tongue action throughout the course of an outing. c. Hugging A hug is a form of physical intimacy, not necessarily sexual, that usually involves closing or holding the arms around another person or group of persons. The hug is one of the most common human signs of love and affection, along with kissing, unlike some other forms of physical intimacy. Cuddling seems to be an all right option. It gives the closeness that makes the couple feel good without offending too many people around. There are always those who frown on any contact between couples beyond an escort-like arm to a function. But having an arm about another and snuggling close is all right. Cuddling or hugging is harmless and less annoying than other displays of affection.

Motor Development Autobiography Essay

The motor development was consisted of seven periods across the lifespan, each period is characterized by the different motor skills. Progression from one period to another would depend on the changes in three critical constraints, as well as individual’s skills and experiences. According to the developmental perspective, the changes in the motor skills were defined as sequential, cumulative and individual. Everyone would follow the same sequence of the motor development, however, age does not determine the sequence because the skills are built based on individual’s background experiences and knowledge. Prenatal Period The first stage of motor development is the prenatal period, it is the period from conception to birth. The prenatal period is characterized by three major sub periods: Germinal, embryonic and period. The germinal period represents the first two weeks after the fertilization, where the ovum attached the uterine wall and the cell layers are formed. The embryonic period began from two to eight weeks, when the cephalacadual and proximodistal growth took place. At this time, infants could move around to obtain the upright posture, where different parts of the body are also distinguishable. Our motor development began prenatally, usually started from the embryonic and fetal period. The fetal period started from two to nine months, when most of the body systems were getting more structurally developed. However, the organs and body systems were still functionally immature. The fetal period was characterized by rapid growth and organ completion, as well as reflex activities and movements. As early as three months, babies could demonstrate both spontaneous and reflexive movements. My mother told me that she first felt my kicking and hand movement around the fourth month, and she also went to do the ultrasound to check if I was a healthy baby. My mother kept the testing record updated, the doctor also told her about my gender when I was a six-month-old baby. During the prenatal period, the development represented the interaction of  heredity and environment. The organism constraints such as genetic makeup, would dominate the development, while the environmental constraints could also affect the development. Teratogen was an environmental factor that cause harm to the embryo or fetus, it could lead to the birth defects. However, the baby’s genetic makeup and the amount of exposure would play important roles that affect the degree of harmfulness. The epigenetic crisis represented a time of particular susceptibility to harm, that different trimester exposed to teratogen would lead to different degrees of functional or structural damages. I was a healthy baby and received high APGAR scores mainly because my mother did not drink alcohol nor smoke during the pregnancy. My mother was a housewife, she stayed home most of the time looking at baby pictures and listening to classical music. Her daily exercise was walking, when she had to g o to the supermarket near my house. During the pregnancy, my mother’s life was simple and worriless, she was also a happy and a healthy mother. Reflexive Period The reflexive period started from birth to two weeks, the reflexive or spontaneous movements are used to insure the infant’s survival. There were two types of reflexes, the primitive and postural reflexes. The primitive reflexes were used for the protection and nutrition purposes, usually disappear by the sixth month. I demonstrated the rooting reflex when I was one month old, when my mother tactile my cheek, I immediately turned my head toward her finger (see picture five). My mom also told me that I used to like sucking my thumb before I go to sleep (see picture four). It showed sucking reflex, which was the biological response for the basic needs and helped infants to survive. The asymmetric tonic neck reflex appeared around the same time, when my right arm was extended and the left to keep my body facing a direction (see picture four). On the other hand, the postural reflexes are used for the development of later voluntary movements. The postural reflexes may never disappe ar, those reflexes also automatically provided the maintenance of infant’s upright position in relation to the environment. Setting up an upright posture could also help infants survive in the environment, as the environmental constraints began to have more  influences on the development. Overall, the organism constraint dominated the development during the reflexive period, and the environmental constraints were influential. Preadpated Period The motor development of preadapted period would usually take place when an infant is around two weeks to a year old. During this early developmental period, the organism constraints played a dominated role, the environmental constraints were influential, and the task constraints organized the action. The goal of the movement would be the attainment of independent walking and independent finger feeding. When I was an infant, I followed the sequence of motor development to obtain my upright posture. At two weeks, I couldn’t lift my head off the support surface to gaze about the environment. I would need help on lifting my head, therefore my mother would put her hand behind my trunk to support my body (see picture two). The posture at this age was the prone position (see picture one). At birth, infants would show their first motor movement by learning to prone. Soon after that, I began to elevate myself on my arms. As soon as I reached five months old, I was able to sit alone without support (see picture seven). Around five and half month old, I could demonstrate rolling, which was the earliest pattern of infant locomotion development. However, I skipped the stage of crawling, an important stage of motor development that helps infants to prepare for later walking skills. Because I was the oldest child in the family, my parents thought maybe I was too fat to demonstrate crawling (see picture six – I couldn’t crawl up to a chair). I thought the main reason for not crawling was that I often played with older children in our community. Since I am able to see many â€Å"role models†, it is likely that I learn how to stand first, thus skipped the crawling. The environmental constraints played an important role for me in the process of learning to stand, walk, and later running. The rate enhancer would be the opportunity for me to play with the older children, and to learn more motor skills from them. However, the rate limiter and organism constraints for not acquiring the walking or running skills would be the strength. Because my  mother was a housewife, she spent a lot of time taking care of me. She taught me how to stand by holding both of my arms first, to give me strength support (see picture nine). Soon I was able to acquire the standing motor skill, I can stand by myself (see picture ten). My parents then bought me a â€Å"walker† to help me learn how to walk (see picture eight). The walker was very helpful because it had wheels under the chair, I can actually go anywhere I wanted, just like a walking person. Around approximately ten-months old, I began to cruise and showed walking patterns. However, the rate-limiter and constraint of walking is my posture, because I have not yet obtained the upright posture for walking. It might be the fact that I wanted to play with the older children, and I was also able to see how other children walk, I showed early mature walking patterns at the age of eleven-months old. At this time, I was an independent walker with newly learned walking skills! When I first began to walk, I was walking very slowly, making short strides and put my arms up high to make balance. The primary rate limiters for not acquiring the upright position in walking were the postural control and strength. My body proportion was also a disadvantage to obtain the walking skills, because the proportion of my head was thirty percent of the body while my legs are only fifteen percent. I had heavy body and short legs, (heavy center of mass and light base of support) it would be hard for me to keep the upright postural control and balance for walking pattern. At this point, the environmental and task constraints would show more influences on the motor development. As I obtained the skill of independent bipedal locomotion (walking), I encountered movement problems. According to dynamical systems perspective, the degrees of freedom and context-conditioned variability are the problems for a new walker. If I was able to go anywhere I want, then I had the right of choosing where to go, or how to get to the desired place. However, the problems were solved from self-organization of the body system and the emerging of the constraints. The major rate limiters for not acquiring the running skills would mainly come from the organism constraints, such as the posture, strength and motivation. For me, I was motivated to learn those motor skills because I  wanted to play with older children. I was a fast learner also because my parents spent time and efforts to help me obtain the locomotion skills. Therefore, six months after I learned how to walk, I was able to run anywhere I want to go (see picture eleven). I have also developed manipulative skills as I learned to use hands to feed myself, and I was able to show better hand-eye coordination and movement. Fundamental Motor Skills Period The fundamental skills period began at the age of one, ends by the age of seven. In a way, this period of time would be a sensitive period to learn certain motor skills for later skillful movements. The fundamental motor skills period would be the building blocks for later emerging skills, and acquiring those skills were essential to later developing motor skills. Those skills were characterized as the phylogenetic skills, which are skills typical to individuals. Obtaining the locomotion and manipulative skills would be the fundamental and developmental process to obtain later movements. At this time, both fine and gross mother skills were beginning to develop. Those skills might not be maturational determined, and the arm and leg coordination were still immature. When I was a year old, I would throw a ball only using my arm movement, my legs and trunks barely made any movements. As I grow two more years older, I could demonstrate the pattern of block rotation, at the point where my body moved as one long axis. I would step my feet first, then put my arm backward ready to throw. My arm, leg and trunk have lined up as straight along the axis, and allowed me to have more power in throwing. Around the age of six or seven, I was able to demonstrate the differentiated rotation movement. My arms, legs, hip and shoulder would move separately as I began to obtain higher level of throwing. When I threw, my hip usually showed the first movement, followed by my shoulder and arms. At this young age, I had difficulties to demonstrate the locomotion skills of skipping. Skipping would be the latest motor movement for children to learn, not only because it had higher level of difficulty, but also it required the ability to hop on each leg sequentially. Older children would have no problem demonstrate skipping because they have better postural control, movements and coordination. Fine motor skills were begun to develop, such as drawing skills. When I was a one-year-old child, I would draw some scribbles on the paper, the outline and the shape of the objects were not clear to see. As I grew older, I showed more realistic drawings by making more clear lines, shapes and forms. I was also able to draw many different emotions on the faces and I used more variation in coloring my pictures. At the age of six, both my sister and I were interested to learn roller-skating. My father had brought two roller-skates for us, and we also took roller-skating class. It was really hard for me when I first started to learn roller-skating, and it was difficult to keep the balance. Skating is a complex motor skill because the arm and leg movements could not be in the same direction. My arm and leg coordination was also messed up, because I would always freeze my arms as I put it up high to obtain the balance. After many practices and countless falls, my sister and I have finally learned some basic fundamental skills of roller-skating (see picture fourteen). We wore kneepads because it was impossible not to fall, but we took them off as we were able to perform better in roller-skating. My father have also signed me up for a swim class, because he thought swimming was a very healthy exercise and it would help me to become healthier (see picture fifteen). Swimming was also a complex motor activity, while I tried to keep my legs padding in the water, the degrees of freedom limited me from doing any arm movements. Overall, the organism constraints dominated the development, the environmental constraints were influential and the task constraints organized the action. The rate limiter would be the proficiency barrier, the immature functional organism constraints held me back from acquiring the higher level of motor movement. Context-Specific Skills Period As I began to get older, around the age of seven to eleven, I reached the context specific period. The context specific period was characterized by the ontogenetic skills, which are skills unique to individual. Most children  at this period have obtained context-specific knowledge and experience to acquire their individualized skills. The context-specific period also represented a transition period between the attainment of the fundamental motor skills and the transformation into skillful motor performance. Because it was influenced more by the environmental and task constrains, motivation and parental support would be important to help children move on successfully to the skillful period. Organism constraints also played important roles, such as physical, social and emotional development. At this time, I have grown taller and gained more body weight. There were also changes in my cardiovascular system, the aerobic power increased because I was able to uptake more amount of oxygen at a time. The improvement can be seen from exercising, such as swimming. I was still at the swimming class, my swimming had improved and I was moved up to a higher level. In order to graduate from the swimming class, it was required for everyone to pass an examination by performing the swimming skills in a weekly competition. I remembered how nervous I was when I had to swim butterfly in the competition, I felt so relieved when I passed the examination and get the award. Because of the training from swim class, I had more swimming experiences and obtained better swimming skills. Swimming has also helped me to improve arm and leg coordination in the development of gross motor skills. At this time, both fine and gross motor skills have also improved. I was still in love with roller-skating, but I have also fallen in love with ice-skating. Once my friends asked me to go ice-skating with them, they were surprised to see my skating skills. I have never gone ice-skating before, but because I knew how to roller-skate, thus it was easier for me to stay balanced. I showed better skating skills because I had already obtained the gross motor skills needed for skating, the arm and leg coordination had also improved as I gained more skating experiences. During the winter of my senior year in high school, my uncle asked me to go skiing with him. I was a little nervous because I have never skied before, and also I heard that skiing was a dangerous sport. However, all those worries had gone away as I began to learn skiing. As my uncle taught me how to ski, he was surprised to the pattern of well-coordinated arm and leg movement, as well as my balance. I was still in love with flute, and I had also become a member of the concert band in my middle school. At this time, I am more skillful in playing flute. Because I have been practicing everyday, my fingers are also more flexible as I gained more experiences. As I practiced more, the perceptual and speed processing increased, which allowed me to read the music faster. During my last year of the school, our concert band was informed to attend a National Musical Competition. We were invited to go to Florida State for three days for the competition, which we had to play against ten middle schools in the United States (see picture sixteen). I still could remember that moment when the judge announced our school to be the one winning the first price, for a moment I thought I was dreaming. It was unbelievable, it was the happiest moment in my life, and all the hard work has been paid off. I felt so proud to be a member of our concert band, because I had also contributed my effort to win the price. My parents and friends were very happy for me, and they encouraged me to take more challenges. The environmental and task constraints are the rate enhancers to help me move on to the next skillful period, and I have also gained more confidence in myself. However, the rate limiter for not acquiring the skillful skills would be the proficiency barrier, because of the functional organism limitation. I have not yet obtained the skillfulness of the perceptual cognitive functioning, such as not having enough knowledge base and a slower speed of processing. Skillful Period The skillful period usually started at the age of eleven, the word â€Å"skillfulness† could also represent context-specific because the skills were also individualized. After winning the first price and gaining the recognition, I decided to devote myself into playing flute. My parents supported me, they have also asked a professional flutist to be my tutor. With the hope that I might be a professional flutist someday, I have been practicing two hours per day to improve my playing skills. It was the organism constraints that influenced my determination and persistency, because I was motivated go achieve the goal (see picture seventeen). The environmental constraint also played an important role during the skillful period. For me, not only because my parents set high expectations toward me,  but also we were in the middle socio-economic status where the money for tutoring was affordable. If I ever become a successful swimmer or flute player, I’d thank my parents for gi ving me the opportunities. I have also been consistently going to swim, and it had become my regular exercise every week. At this time, my father did not need to force me nor sign me up for a swim class, because I liked swimming as much as I loved playing flute. I would still go ice-skating with my friends, and I have also learned how to perform some tricks. My uncle would still take me up to the mountain every winter to ski, I was able to ski on a higher hills and under more complex tasks. For those motor activities, I know if I were able to be persistent to practice, it would enhance my knowledge and experiences and my performance would get closer to the professional level. From the dynamical systems perspective, self-organizing system and organism constraints have set a balanced, equilibrium and coordinated state in the individuals. Compensation Period The compensation period represented a time when a skilled individual is compensating for a change in an organism constraint. Throughout the life span, our motor skills performance would keep on improving. As we reached at the point where organism constraints took place to change, our motor skills performance would decline. It showed the adjustment of our motor behavior, and our movements might not be as skillful. Due to the changes in organism constraints, a person at this period of time was also particularly vulnerable in gross motor skills, because those skills required larger forces and aerobic efforts. Changes in organism constraints are due to the declines in the body system such as maximum oxygen uptake, stroke volume, or maximum heart rate. There would be changes in our fundamental motor skills, such as locomotion and balance. At this time, our walking skills and balance have declined and we became more vulnerable to falls and injuries. It is also because the decreased bone ma ss, led to the changes in strength characteristics of the bones. In addition, our auditory and somatosensory systems would not be functioning well; a person could suffer from hearing loss or loss of sensitivity. Changes in the environmental constraints would also influence an individual at this period of time. The lifestyle, societal expectations or socio-economic status would make differences on their perceptions and actions. At the compensation period, the declining of physical abilities had impact on individual’s psychological and emotional systems. A person at this period might lose the interests in doing their favorite sports, or change the interest or hobby. Other than obtaining an active lifestyle, the higher socio-economic status would play a role to help an individual at this period to live longer and healthier, because of the better medical care. Future Goals As for now and the future, I would keep up with the concert band in the University of Maryland College Park, and attend as many musical performance as I could. I would still take private lessons and practice one to two hours per day to get myself on the right track. I know my dream would come true if I could keep up my persistency and hard work. This could be characterized as my organism constraints, because I was self-motivated and have confidence at what I do. My uncle would still invite me to go skiing with him every winter, we have been great skiing partners. However, it was harder to keep up with the skiing skills at a certain level if you just practice once or twice a year. The environmental constraint had limited my skiing skills, if I were to live somewhere in Alaska, I would have better chance to be a skillful skier. I also would continue my swimming practices, because it would be hard to catch up the butterfly if I stopped practicing it. I know I would never forget how to m aster those motor skill performances, they have been a part of me. However, to reach a certain level of expectation and goals, I would still need my parental support and encouragement, as well as my persistency and practices.

Ethical Analysis of Eight Mile Road Hearsay Accident Essay

Ethical Analysis of Eight Mile Road Hearsay Accident - Essay Example As a result, an engineer is under pressure to explain the causes and consequences of such actions. The incident has raised major concerns within the ECCS Analysis. The primary reason for this concern is the termination of High Pressure Injection, a situation that places the power plant in major trouble (Barbour 12). Facts A pressure valve opened so that it can relieve steam hence decrease pressure due to a minor over-pressurization passing. As a result, the pressure valve failed to close. When the plant operator noticed this inaccuracy, he terminated high pressure injection. It is worth noting that this was a faulty move from the operator because the system was on a two-phase state. High pressure injection is only applicable when the primary system stood in a sub cooled state. Within 20 to 30 minutes after high pressure injection was terminated, the pressurizer level collapsed showing that this was a wrong move. As a result, the operator was forced to reintroduce injection. Significa nt fluid inventory was lost in the 30 minutes that injection was terminated. The engineer reported back to superiors with the facts as required. However, the superiors did not take the nuclear engineer seriously. Instead, they dismissed this as hearsay. It is worth noting that nuclear engineering is governed by a strict code of conduct. ... The engineer ought to make sure that the power plant operations are smooth flowing. This is because the emotions from a nuclear power plant are harmful to the people around and environment as a whole. Residents of Toledo are also major stakeholders. This is because they are the key focus of my decision. The value of life is important to any ethical organization. Moreover, the operator had to know what to do in case of incidences. However, in this case, he took a wrong decision more than once. This risked the lives of all persons in and around the power plant. Moreover, the ethics of the top management are also at stake here because they failed to take action just because they believed that it was from an incredible source (Shrader-Frechette 84). Regulations and Laws Any nuclear power plant is complex. As a result, it ought to be well-designed and engineered to reduce incidences. It is worth noting that it cannot be deemed to be a failure proof. This is clearly seen in the Eight Mile Road nuclear power plant when the pressure valve failed to close. The accident exposed serious shortages in a scheme that was destined to safeguard public well-being and safety. Failure modes ought to be present in any nuclear plant. This is because a commercial nuclear reactor can explode like a bomb. It is worth noting that, in this case, the fail-safe mechanisms were evidently not present. Moreover, the location of nuclear power plants is critical (Maxey 123). This is because emissions from such plants are powerfully harmful to the public health surrounding it. In this case, we are not told where the plant was specifically located. As a result, we hope it was located in a place where its emissions

What forms did african nationalism take down to the 1960's Essay

What forms did african nationalism take down to the 1960's - Essay Example Other examples include The West African National Congress which was formed in 1920 and the WAFD Party of Egypt formed to remove the indirect rule of the British in Egypt. One of the factors that led to the rise of African nationalism was the rise of superpower nations such as The United State of America and the Soviet Union who were against colonialism since they had different Ideologies. For example, the US was capitalist while the Soviet Union wanted to spread communism, which in turn lead to colonialists such as the British and French withdrawing from African countries. The colonial rulers had also taken a big share of African resources such as land and were encroaching in large numbers and displacing Africans to unproductive land, which encouraged the Africans to form movements to oppose such kinds of oppression. Additionally, the United Nations also discouraged colonial rule, hence it came with the idea that the countries under colonial rule should be decolonized and left to rul e themselves (Okoth 2006). The African National Congress The formation of The African National Congress started in 1912 and was referred to as South Africa’s National Liberation Movement but in the year 1923 was renamed to The African National Congress (Mckenna 2011). ... The ANC’s other main aim was to fight for South Africans’ socio-cultural and economic issues so as to encourage Africans and save them from becoming poor. This was due to the fact that the colonialist had taken away most of their resources such as fertile land. The ANC went through different stages to liberate the South Africans from the colonial rulers. Mckenna (2011) shows that the party was destabilized in the year 1920 due to disagreements with communist members who wanted to join them. The party lost its activeness between the year 1930 and 1940, but become active again in the year 1940 after members like Nelson Mandela, Oliver Tambo and Walter Sisulu reformed the party so as to fight against apartheid which was seen as the biggest form of oppression to the South Africans. The reformers were also known as the ANC Youth League due to the fact that most of the leaders who reformed the party in 1940 were young (Mckenna 2011). Strikes were organized in 1946 by gold min ers who were protesting against the hardships they were going through, which they saw that the colonies were the main contributor. For example they had to protest against the Witwatersrand bus company who contributed to their hardships by raising transport fare. The movement, ANC, went on with the fight against the segregation with the use of other forms of fight like protests and strikes. In the year 1952, they encouraged strikes and protests though they never engaged the government which was in power by then. This made the party popular and encouraged many Black people to join them. In the year 1955, the leaders of the ANC and the communist congress were arrested and put on trial after they demanded for the rights of Black people and