Supreme Court Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Supreme Court - Essay Example Upon the state's appeal, the Wisconsin Court of Appeals adhered to the suppression ruling in a decision of two-to-one. The issue in this project deals with witnesses to a crime identifying a suspect prior to in-person identifications. One teller had seen the defendant's arrest on television the night before a photo lineup was scheduled. Another teller had seen the defendants' photo in a newspaper story covering his arrest. And yet another teller was shown a lone picture of the defendant instead of a photo array. A police lineup was never completed. This presents a case of power of suggestion. In the case of Simmons v US (1968), the US Supreme Court saw the problem of declining accuracy of identification after witnesses had viewed pictures of suspects. The court ruled that seeing a picture may have a detrimental effect on identification accuracy because"the witness is apt to retain in his memory the image of the photograph rather than of the person actually seen" (quoted in Brown, Deffenbachher, & Sturgill, 1977, p. 312) Eyewitness testimony can be an important tool in the field of justice. However, it can also convict innocent people. In 1991, the percentage was estimated to be at 45% (Loftus & Ketcham, 1991). According to more recent studies, some experts say we are closer to 1% today. This is undoubtedly attributed to the introduction of DNA and the modern technologies now available to forensic scientists. The profiling of DNA was introduced in 1984 by Alec Jeffreys, a renowned geneticist at the University of Leicester, England. Jeffreys' genetic fingerprinting was used to convict a murderer in England in 1988. Today, a DNA sample is one of the most dependable techniques used to apprehend a suspect in a criminal case. Psychology in law states that the use of eyewitness testimony alone is the cause of convicting innocent people. Psychologically, body language and innocent remarks made by officials showing photos and conducting lineups can send unintended subliminal messages to the witness. The witness' level of confidence can be inspired by a perception that the police must be right, because this is what they're suggesting to be true. This can distort a person's memory. A 1997 study led by the National Science Foundation proved that a distorted memory can now fail to know recollect accurately. Studies have also revealed that when the victim is the witness, he has an aggressive desire to nab a perpetrator. In this scenario, they are extremely sensitive to any signals they receive from authorities. If the police have a person in mind, they can unknowingly convey that message to the victim (Loftus, 1998). This suggestibility is the normal tendency of people to agree with what they perceive to be what the authority figure wants to hear (Sadava & McCreary, 1997). Showing a lone photo to a witness sends the subliminal message that 'we believe this is the guy.' Showing a photo array can send the same signal..'one of these people is the one.' Witnesses can sometimes make rash decisions so as to get the whole process over with. For all these reasons, most law enforcement officials would contend that the identifications of the three tellers should be suppressed in court. With all its faults, eyewitness testimony can still be a strong tool. Each individual can see the same event differently (William, 1999). To

Tourism destinations in the digital and social media age Research Proposal - 1

Tourism destinations in the digital and social media age - Research Proposal Example This can be seen in numerous industries, which has led to the emergence of new models of business aimed at capitalizing on the new opportunities, as well as to win, influence, and engage the consumer. The tourism sector has been one of the industries that have been significantly disrupted by social and digital media. As tourists become more internet-savvy, they no longer receive information through direct personal recommendations or passively. Rather, they gather experiences on travel from the internet and receive recommendations on destinations from people in the destinations they would like to visit (Hudson & Thal, 2013: p158). This research will be designed into five chapters. The first will offer considerable background information with regards to the social and digital media use in marketing tourist destination. The second chapter will involve the methodology using qualitative research through a case study as the major data collection technique. Chapter 3 will tackle an intensive literature review, aimed at narrowing down the scope of theory. The fourth chapter will consist of an empirical study, which will deal with empirical data collected via an interview with a player in tourism industry. Finally, the fifth chapter will involve analysis of the research, discussion of the results, and a conclusion. Neuts et al (2013: p74) argue that ICT advances have resulted in unprecedented challenges and opportunities to tourism, especially as the sector is information-intensive. The tourism industry demands an increased role of web 2.0 technologies, especially in the marketing and promotion of destinations. According to Hvass and Munar (2012: p97), the social and digital media have become the major tools for delivering information in the industry. Munar et al (2013: p43) concur by stating that social and digital media in marketing offers tourist destinations an added competitive advantage. Thus, almost all

The Fashion Industry and the Role of the Media in Shapin Dissertation

The Fashion Industry and the Role of the Media in Shapin - Dissertation Example The study "The Fashion Industry and the Role of the Media in Shapin" concerns the fashion and media and analyzes the Changing Perception of a Woman’s Physical Image. After World War I, with the popularity of fashion magazines, print media, television and the internet, the popular media has presented the perceived ‘ideal’ image of a woman. This mostly unrealistic perception, being pushed on to the people, has had a negative effect on the women’s own perception of their physical image often putting health on a lower priority or even contradicting healthy routines in favor of attaining such physical attire. The complicated perceptions of one’s own physical image make one concerned about this aspect. Research on this self perception has found discontent among women showing their body dissatisfaction and at a higher rate than males. Such false projections, which have nothing to do with a real drive to get a better appearance, put individuals at a risk of disturbance and discontent. The idealized thinness and prejudiced height, hair and weight projected by the media as being ‘attractive’ influences the masses and makes women match those descriptions which is not only destruction of originality but also dangerous for health the way it gets commercialized, rather littered, and then picked by the adolescents. The wrong message of ‘standards for acceptability’ that the models from fashion industry and the media send do not actually define the beauty; in fact, the repeated pushing of such image on the women.... ? that the models from fashion industry and the media send do not actually define the beauty (Dittmar & Howard, 2004; Thompson & Stice, 2001); in fact, the repeated pushing of such image on the women population puts a conflict between the actual standards and the depicted standard making a woman choose to be unhealthy in order to achieve that standard (Dittmar & Howard, 2004, p. 478). This has been found in previous research to have direct proportion to the time of exposure to such commercial propaganda (Schooler et al. 2004). Many times, the sole purpose of such depictions and portrayal is to create an artificial need of the products, which are not actually needed, and then to sell them to that audience. 2.0 Purpose of research The purpose of this research is to evaluate the change in perception of a woman’s physical image in the eyes of the population in general and in the eyes of woman herself. Researching on why and how these perceptions have changed over this period of ti me, which can safely be regarded as an era of contemporary change in this respect, can provide us with useful results that actually provide some insight on how the fashion and show business industry has driven this. Addressing everlasting concern over weight and appearance in a non issue approach can help minimize the prejudice on being slimmer from as young as 6 years old (Striegel-Moore & Franko, 2002). The dissatisfaction, which is one of the major issues in a woman’s teenage due to perception of one’s own physical image (Schwitzer, Bergholz, Dore, & Salimi, 1998; Stice & Whitenton, 2002), is a topic that needs special attention to guard young girls from further worsening their health situation in fear of weight gain (Striegel-Moore & Franko, 2002; Field et al., 1999). What you think of

What is Socrates' argument against Crito in the argument of the same Essay

What is Socrates' argument against Crito in the argument of the same name Is it persuasive why or why not - Essay Example Crito gets to the prison where Socrates was serving time with a plan hatched to break Socrates out of prison. It is after learning about this that a debate ensues on the justification of Socrates escape (Anton 73) In his argument, Socrates fronts that while the sentencing he received was wrong to begin with, it got reached through a legitimate process. In his thinking, Socrates was of the idea that the trial he got subjected to got done according to the law, he had the chance to defend himself against the allegations, and the verdict got passed by citizens. The matter at hand in this argument was whether content justice, which refers to getting the best result, overrules procedural justice that is following the laid down procedure, or vice versa (Anton 74). Socrates states in his argument that we have to pick whether the law enabled social peace is more vital than an innocent man’s life. Socrates is of the idea that social peace, which gets enabled by the law, is superior to his innocence. In building his case, Socrates puts forward a paternalistic claim stating that since the laws enabled his dad to marry his mother, he considered the law as his parents. He also states that the laws ordered his parents to take him to school. As such, he is both a slave and offspring of law. Socrates feels that he owes the law similar unconditional obedience that slaves owe to their owners and children owe to their parents (Anton 75). Socrates conclusion is that an injustice cannot be made right by another injustice. In this effect, the wrong conviction he had been given would not be made right by escaping prison. Socrates chooses to remain in the confines of his cell as a result of his unwavering belief and faith in Greek law, which he acknowledges awarded him the opportunity to lead a fulfilling life, and attain extensive knowledge (Anton 75). In his thinking, without

Historical events of the US Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Historical events of the US - Essay Example The conventional Protestant spiritual groups set up religious bases in Asia and Africa, as well as over 450 missions in China by the year 1900.The 20th century started with the US entangled in a severe and bloody war. However, that war is no longer remembered, a war that cost millions of dollars, thousands of lives and displacement of millions. ThePhilippine-American War that was fought between1899 to 1902 resulted in approximately 265,000 human deaths. Thewarassistedthe US establish itself as a military powerhouse in the Pacific regions. While the European powers were engaging themselves in the First World War (WWI), the then president of the US Wilson Woodrow was apprehensive that Germany might take up Haiti and destabilize the pathway leading to the Panama Canal. In order to assert and protect its interest, Wilson sent a few hundred US Marines and Navy men to Haiti. In 1898 and 1899, The US took over Hawaii and obtained the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and some parts of the Pacific I slands. Theexpansionraisedthesignificantquery of if their recently annexed states would be given the American citizens civil rights. HavingwonboththeSpanish-American War and Philippines War symbolized both an addition to earlier expansionist desires and a quick departure from suppositions that had steered American foreign strategy before. Fortheveryfirsttime, the US made significant strategic dedications in the Far East; acquiring regions that had never been planned for statehood, and dedicated itself to law enforcement actions.

Thesis statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Thesis statement - Essay Example Some employees may require master’s degree in economics or management, knowledge of accounting. Good skills in the field of mathematics and statistics are essential to get the position of business operation manager. Furthermore, the program in administration and management includes leadership skills course. Advanced programs may be oriented on the work in one particular industry. If a specialist wants to have benefits in the labor market he/she may apply for the certification like Certified Manager. Such specialists are valued very high and usually get the desired positions. The work will investigate the field of operation management, the issues specialists face and the skills they should possess. The focus will be made on leadership skills and the skills of relationship building, which are very important in the field of professional management. It is necessary for business operation manager to know the consumer psychology and have good knowledge of organization

Cessna Headquarters, Wichita, Kansas Essay Example for Free

Cessna Headquarters, Wichita, Kansas Essay The words â€Å"Cessna Skyhawk† have special meaning for anyone who has ever wanted to learn to fly. At 27 feet long and 8 feet tall, with a 36-foot wingspan, a 140 mph cruising speed, and room for two adults and their luggage, more people have learned to fly with a Cessna Skyhawk than with any other plane in aviation history. In fact, the Cessna Skyhawk is the best-selling plane of all time. Clyde Cessna built his first plane in 1911, and Cessna became a storied name in aviation. Cessna built 750 gliders for the army in World War II, introduced the Skyhawk in 1956, produced the first turbo-charged and cabin-pressurized single-engine planes in the 1960s, delivered its first business jet in the 1970s, topped $1 billion in sales in the 1980s, and then, in one of the worst downturns in the history of aviation business, nearly went out of business over the next decade and a half. Sales of general aviation aircraft, which had topped out at 17,000 planes per year, dropped to 12,000 planes within a year, and over the next decade finally hit rock bottom at 928 planes for the entire industry. During the same time, Cessnas sales of piston-engine planes, like the Skyhawk, dropped from 8,000 per year to just 600. Cessna was forced to lay off 75 percent of the employees at its piston-engine plane factories (Cessna also makes business jets and larger planes) and eventually stopped making piston-engine planes altogether. However, after the economy improved and the U.S. government approved the General Aviation Revitalization Act (barring product liability lawsuits on any plane over 18 years old), Cessna decided to start building its legendary Skyhawks again.